A trademark can be any sign that helps distinguish the goods or services of one business from those of others. These signs must be distinctive, unique, and capable of representation. Below are the different types of signs that can be registered as trademarks:
1. Word Marks
- Single words or combinations of words.
- Examples: Nike, Coca-Cola, Google
2. Logo Marks (Figurative Marks)
- Symbols, images, or graphic designs representing a brand.
- Examples: Apple’s apple logo, McDonald’s golden arches (M)
3. Slogan Marks
- Catchphrases or taglines associated with a brand.
- Examples: “Just Do It” (Nike), “I’m Lovin’ It” (McDonald’s)
4. Shape Marks (Three-Dimensional Marks)
- Distinctive product shapes or packaging.
- Examples: Coca-Cola bottle shape, Toblerone chocolate shape
5. Sound Marks
- Unique sounds that help consumers recognize a brand.
- Examples: Nokia’s startup ringtone, MGM’s lion roar
6. Color Marks
- A specific color or combination of colors uniquely associated with a brand.
- Examples: Tiffany & Co.’s blue, Cadbury’s purple
7. Motion Marks
- Animated logos or symbols that represent a brand.
- Example: Lamborghini’s opening scissor doors
8. Hologram Marks
- Holographic images that change appearance depending on the angle viewed.
- Used in banknotes, security stickers, and branded packaging.
9. Pattern Marks
- Unique arrangements of designs or symbols used as trademarks.
- Example: Louis Vuitton’s monogram pattern
10. Position Marks
- A specific way a mark is placed on a product.
- Example: Red soles on Christian Louboutin shoes
Conclusion
Trademarks can be words, logos, shapes, sounds, colors, and even movement. The key requirement is that they must be distinctive and capable of identifying the source of goods or services.