Multilevel inheritance

📘 What is Multilevel Inheritance?

Multilevel Inheritance is a type of inheritance where a class is derived from a derived class.

It forms a chain of inheritance, like this:

Base → Intermediate → Derived


Each derived class inherits features from its immediate base class, and ultimately from the original base class.

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🧠 Real-Life Analogy

Imagine:

• A Grandfather passes knowledge to the Father.
• The Father passes it to the Son.

This chain of inheritance is like multilevel inheritance.

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🔧 Syntax:

class A {
    // Base class
};

class B : public A {
    // Derived from A
};

class C : public B {
    // Derived from B (indirectly inherits from A too)
};

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🧪 C++ Program: Multilevel Inheritance

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// Base class
class Grandfather {
public:
    void displayGrandfather() {
        cout << "Grandfather: Wisdom and experience." << endl;
    }
};

// Intermediate class
class Father : public Grandfather {
public:
    void displayFather() {
        cout << "Father: Hardworking and responsible." << endl;
    }
};

// Derived class
class Son : public Father {
public:
    void displaySon() {
        cout << "Son: Energetic and ambitious." << endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    Son s;
    s.displayGrandfather(); // From Grandfather class
    s.displayFather();      // From Father class
    s.displaySon();         // Own method
    return 0;
}

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✅ Output:

Grandfather: Wisdom and experience.  
Father: Hardworking and responsible.  
Son: Energetic and ambitious.

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🔍 Key Concepts:

• Son inherits from Father, and Father inherits from Grandfather.
• Son has access to all public members of Father and Grandfather.
• This is an example of Multilevel Inheritance.

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✅ Advantages:

• Step-by-step extension of class features.
• Code reusability across multiple levels.
• Maintains a clear and logical hierarchy.

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❌ Disadvantages:

• Can become complex and harder to debug in deep hierarchies.
• Changes in a base class may affect all levels down the chain.

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📌 Summary Table

Class	Inherits From	Contains Features Of
Grandfather	—	Grandfather
Father	Grandfather	Father + Grandfather
Son	Father	Son + Father + Grandfather