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JavaScript Operators

Operators in JavaScript are special symbols used to perform operations on operands. They are categorized into several types based on their functionality.

Types of Operators

  1. Arithmetic Operators
  2. Assignment Operators
  3. Comparison Operators
  4. Logical Operators
  5. Bitwise Operators
  6. String Operators
  7. Conditional (Ternary) Operator
  8. Unary Operators
  9. Comma Operator

1. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic on numbers.

  • Addition (+)

let x = 5 + 2; // x = 7

  • Subtraction (-)

let x = 5 – 2; // x = 3

  • Multiplication (*)

let x = 5 * 2; // x = 10

  • Division (/)

let x = 5 / 2; // x = 2.5

  • Modulus (%) (Remainder)

let x = 5 % 2; // x = 1

  • Exponentiation (**)

let x = 5 ** 2; // x = 25

  • Increment (++)

let x = 5; x++; // x = 6

  • Decrement (–)

let x = 5; x–; // x = 4

2. Assignment Operators

Assignment operators assign values to variables.

  • Assignment (=)

let x = 5;

  • Addition assignment (+=)

let x = 5; x += 2; // x = 7

  • Subtraction assignment (-=)

let x = 5; x -= 2; // x = 3

  • Multiplication assignment (*=)

let x = 5; x *= 2; // x = 10

  • Division assignment (/=)

let x = 5; x /= 2; // x = 2.5

  • Modulus assignment (%=)

let x = 5; x %= 2; // x = 1

  • Exponentiation assignment (**=)

let x = 5; x **= 2; // x = 25

3. Comparison Operators

Comparison operators compare two values and return a boolean result (true or false).

  • Equal (==)

let x = (5 == 5); // true

  • Not equal (!=)

let x = (5 != 2); // true

  • Strict equal (===)

let x = (5 === 5); // true let y = (5 === ‘5’); // false

  • Strict not equal (!==)

let x = (5 !== ‘5’); // true

  • Greater than (>)

let x = (5 > 2); // true

  • Greater than or equal (>=)

let x = (5 >= 5); // true

  • Less than (<)

let x = (5 < 10); // true

  • Less than or equal (<=)

let x = (5 <= 5); // true

4. Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine multiple boolean expressions or values.

  • Logical AND (&&)

let x = (true && false); // false

  • Logical OR (||)

let x = (true || false); // true

  • Logical NOT (!)

let x = !true; // false

5. Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators treat their operands as a set of 32 bits and operate on them bit by bit.

  • AND (&)

let x = 5 & 1; // 1 (0101 & 0001)

  • OR (|)

let x = 5 | 1; // 5 (0101 | 0001)

  • NOT (~)

let x = ~5; // -6 (~0101)

  • XOR (^)

let x = 5 ^ 1; // 4 (0101 ^ 0001)

  • Left shift (<<)

let x = 5 << 1; // 10 (0101 << 1)

  • Right shift (>>)

let x = 5 >> 1; // 2 (0101 >> 1)

  • Zero fill right shift (>>>)

let x = 5 >>> 1; // 2 (0101 >>> 1)

6. String Operators

In addition to comparing strings, the + operator can be used to concatenate strings.

  • Concatenation (+)

let x = “Hello” + ” ” + “World”; // “Hello World”

  • Concatenation assignment (+=)

let x = “Hello”; x += ” World”; // “Hello World”

7. Conditional (Ternary) Operator

The conditional operator assigns a value to a variable based on a condition.

let age = 18; let canVote = (age >= 18) ? “Yes” : “No”; // “Yes”

8. Unary Operators

Unary operators operate on a single operand.

  • Unary plus (+)

let x = +”5″; // 5 (converts string to number)

  • Unary minus (-)

let x = -5; // -5

  • Increment (++)

let x = 5; x++; // 6

  • Decrement (–)

let x = 5; x–; // 4

  • Logical NOT (!)

let x = !false; // true

  • Typeof (typeof)

let x = typeof “Hello”; // “string”

  • Delete (delete)

let obj = {name: “Alice”}; delete obj.name; // true

  • Void (void)

void function() { console.log(“This will not return anything”); }();

9. Comma Operator

The comma operator allows multiple expressions to be evaluated in a single statement, and returns the value of the last expression.

let x = (1 + 2, 3 + 4); // 7

Example: Combining Various Operators

let a = 10;

let b = 20;

// Arithmetic operators

let sum = a + b;  // 30

let diff = a – b;  // -10

// Comparison operators

let isEqual = (a == b);  // false

let isGreater = (a > b);  // false

// Logical operators

let and = (a > 5 && b > 15);  // true

let or = (a > 15 || b > 15);  // true

// Ternary operator

let max = (a > b) ? a : b;  // 20

// String operator

let greeting = “Hello” + ” ” + “World”;  // “Hello World”

console.log(sum, diff, isEqual, isGreater, and, or, max, greeting);

This example demonstrates the use of various operators in JavaScript, showcasing how they can be combined to perform different operations and produce desired results.