Skip to content

Installation of linux

Installing Linux is a straightforward process that varies slightly depending on the chosen Linux distribution. This guide provides a general overview applicable to most distributions, such as Ubuntu, Fedora, CentOS, or Debian.

Prerequisites

  1. Choose a Distribution:
    1. Popular choices include Ubuntu, Fedora, CentOS, Debian, and Linux Mint.
    1. Download the appropriate ISO file from the official website of the chosen distribution.
  2. System Requirements:
    1. Ensure your computer meets the distribution’s hardware requirements (e.g., RAM, storage).
    1. Most distributions work with minimal resources, typically:
      1. RAM: 1GB or more
      1. Storage: 10GB or more
      1. Processor: x86_64 or ARM
  3. Create a Bootable Media:
    1. Use a USB flash drive (recommended) or a DVD to create bootable installation media.
    1. Tools for creating bootable USBs:
      1. Rufus (Windows)
      1. Etcher (Cross-platform)
      1. UNetbootin (Cross-platform)
  4. Backup Your Data:
    1. If you plan to dual-boot or replace your existing OS, back up important data.
  5. BIOS/UEFI Configuration:
    1. Access the BIOS/UEFI settings (press keys like F2, F12, DEL, or ESC during boot).
    1. Enable USB booting and, if necessary, disable Secure Boot.

Installation Steps

Step 1: Boot from Installation Media

  1. Insert the bootable USB or DVD into your computer.
  2. Restart the computer and boot from the installation media:
    1. Select the boot device (USB or DVD) from the boot menu.
    1. The Linux installer will load and present an initial menu.

Step 2: Start Installation

  1. Select “Install Linux” (or a similar option, depending on the distribution).
    1. Some distributions also offer a “Try Linux” option to explore the system before installing.
  2. Choose your preferred language and click Continue.

Step 3: Set Up Installation

  1. Keyboard Layout:
    1. Select the appropriate keyboard layout (e.g., US, UK).
  2. Network Connection (optional):
    1. Connect to a Wi-Fi network for downloading updates during installation.
  3. Installation Type:
    1. Erase Disk and Install Linux:
      1. Replaces your existing OS and installs Linux (all data on the disk will be erased).
    1. Dual Boot:
      1. Installs Linux alongside an existing OS (e.g., Windows).
    1. Custom Partitioning:
      1. Allows advanced users to manually create and manage partitions.
  4. Partitioning:
    1. If creating partitions manually:
      1. / (Root): Minimum 10GB for the operating system.
      1. Swap: Typically 1-2 times your RAM size (used for virtual memory).
      1. /home: Optional, stores user data separately.
      1. /boot: Optional, around 500MB, for bootloader files.

Step 4: User Configuration

  1. Set the Time Zone:
    1. Choose your location to configure the correct time and date settings.
  2. Create a User Account:
    1. Enter your name, username, password, and hostname (computer name).

Step 5: Complete Installation

  1. Review the installation summary.
  2. Click Install Now (or equivalent) to begin the installation process.
    1. The installer will copy files, install the OS, and configure the system.
  3. Wait for the process to complete (typically takes 10-30 minutes).

Step 6: Finalize and Reboot

  1. Once the installation is complete, you will be prompted to restart the system.
  2. Remove the installation media (USB/DVD) when prompted and press Enter.
  3. The system will boot into your newly installed Linux OS.

Post-Installation Setup

  1. Update the System:
    1. Open the terminal and run the following commands:
      1. For Debian/Ubuntu-based systems:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

  • For Fedora/RHEL-based systems:

sudo dnf update

  • Install Drivers:
    • Install additional drivers if required (e.g., graphics, Wi-Fi).
    • Most distributions have tools like “Additional Drivers” in Ubuntu.
  • Install Essential Software:
    • Popular tools include:
      • Web browsers (e.g., Chrome, Firefox)
      • Code editors (e.g., VS Code, Vim)
      • Media players (e.g., VLC)
  • Customize Desktop Environment:
    • Configure the look and feel of your system (themes, wallpapers, etc.).
  • Set Up Backups:
    • Configure a backup system using tools like Deja Dup or Timeshift.

Tips for Beginners

  1. Explore the terminal and basic Linux commands.
  2. Familiarize yourself with the package manager of your distribution.
  3. Join Linux forums and communities for support and learning.

Conclusion

Installing Linux is an intuitive process, especially with beginner-friendly distributions like Ubuntu or Linux Mint. With proper preparation and a systematic approach, even first-time users can install and configure Linux successfully. Its flexibility and open-source nature make Linux an excellent choice for a wide range of applications.