1. Definition of Data
- Data refers to raw facts, figures, or symbols that have no meaning on their own until they are processed.
- Example: Numbers (100, 200), text (“Apple”), dates (15-09-2025), images, audio, video.
2. Characteristics of Data
- Raw form – Not organized, just facts.
- Unprocessed – Needs to be converted into information.
- Variety – Can be numbers, text, images, sounds, videos.
- Input for Processing – Data is entered into a computer system for processing.
3. Types of Data
- Based on Nature
- Numeric Data: Numbers (e.g., sales = 2500).
- Alphanumeric Data: Letters & numbers (e.g., ID = AB123).
- Text Data: Names, addresses.
- Image/Graphics Data: Logos, photos, diagrams.
- Audio/Video Data: Sound recordings, movies.
- Based on Processing Stage
- Raw Data: Collected directly (e.g., survey answers, invoices).
- Processed Data: Organized into meaningful information (e.g., total sales report).
4. Difference Between Data and Information
| Data | Information |
|---|---|
| Raw facts & figures | Processed data with meaning |
| Example: 100, 200 | Example: Total sales = 300 units |
| Input for computer processing | Output after processing |
5. Importance of Data in Business
- Decision Making: Sales data helps managers plan strategies.
- Forecasting: Past data predicts future demand.
- Customer Insights: Data reveals buying behavior.
- Performance Analysis: Helps track profits, costs, productivity.
✅ Summary for Students
- Data = raw facts, not useful until processed.
- Data + Processing = Information.
- Businesses depend heavily on data for growth, efficiency, and competitiveness.