1. Instruction
Definition
- An instruction is a command or order given to a computer to perform a specific task.
- It tells the computer what action to perform on the data.
Examples
- Addition:
ADD A, B(add numbers A and B). - Printing:
PRINT "Hello". - Storing:
SAVE file1.txt.
Key Features of Instruction
- Precise & Clear – Must be in a format the computer understands (machine code or programming language).
- Step-by-Step – Instructions are executed in a sequence (called a program).
- Operation-Oriented – Deals with actions like input, processing, or output.
Types of Instructions
- Input Instructions → Tell the computer to accept data (e.g., reading a value).
- Processing Instructions → Perform calculations or comparisons (e.g.,
ADD,COMPARE). - Output Instructions → Display or print results (e.g.,
DISPLAY). - Control Instructions → Direct program flow (e.g.,
IF…ELSE,JUMP).
2. Information
Definition
- Information is processed, organized, or structured data that is meaningful and useful for decision-making.
Examples
- Data: 500, 700, 900
- Information: Total sales this week = ₹2100
Key Features of Information
- Meaningful – Adds value to raw data.
- Accurate & Relevant – Helps managers and users.
- Timely – Must be available at the right time.
- Useful for Decision-Making – Drives business strategies.
3. Difference Between Instruction and Information
| Aspect | Instruction | Information |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | A command given to the computer | Processed data with meaning |
| Purpose | Tells the computer what to do | Helps users understand & decide |
| Form | Program code / command | Reports, charts, results |
| User | Computer executes | Humans interpret |
| Example | ADD A, B | “Total = 200” |
4. Relationship
- Instruction tells the computer how to process.
- Data is the input.
- Information is the final output.
👉 Flow:
Data → Instruction (Processing) → Information
✅ Student Summary
- Instruction = Command to the computer.
- Information = Useful output after processing data.
- Both are essential: Without instructions, computer can’t process; without information, processing has no value.