Single inheritance,

📘 What is Single Inheritance?

Single Inheritance is a type of inheritance in C++ where a single derived class inherits from a single base class.

It allows the derived class to reuse the properties and methods of the base class, promoting code reusability and modularity.

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🔑 Key Features:

• One base class
• One derived class
• Derived class inherits public and protected members (not private) from the base class

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🧠 Real-Life Example:

Imagine:

• Class Person has general information like name and age.
• Class Student inherits from Person and adds student-specific info like roll number.

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🔧 Syntax:

class BaseClass {
    // base class members
};

class DerivedClass : access-specifier BaseClass {
    // derived class members
};

• Common access specifier: public (to allow access to base class members in derived class).

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🧪 C++ Program: Single Inheritance Example

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// Base Class
class Person {
public:
    string name;
    int age;

    void getDetails() {
        cout << "Enter name: ";
        cin >> name;
        cout << "Enter age: ";
        cin >> age;
    }

    void showDetails() {
        cout << "Name: " << name << ", Age: " << age << endl;
    }
};

// Derived Class
class Student : public Person {
public:
    int roll;

    void getStudentData() {
        getDetails();  // Call base class method
        cout << "Enter roll number: ";
        cin >> roll;
    }

    void showStudentData() {
        showDetails();  // Call base class method
        cout << "Roll Number: " << roll << endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    Student s1;
    s1.getStudentData();
    cout << "\n--- Student Information ---" << endl;
    s1.showStudentData();
    return 0;
}

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✅ Sample Output:

Enter name: Rahul  
Enter age: 20  
Enter roll number: 101  

--- Student Information ---
Name: Rahul, Age: 20  
Roll Number: 101

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🎯 Key Points in the Program:

• Student class inherits from Person using the public keyword.
• Student can access both getDetails() and showDetails() from Person.
• Shows code reuse and hierarchical structure.

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📌 Advantages of Single Inheritance:

• Reduces code duplication.
• Easy to understand and maintain.
• Simplifies class design when inheritance is straightforward.

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🛑 Limitations:

• Only suitable when the design involves one-to-one inheritance.
• Does not support scenarios requiring multiple functionalities from different classes.

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🧾 Summary:

• Single Inheritance is the simplest form of inheritance.
• One derived class inherits from one base class.
• Promotes reusability and structure in OOP.
• Access to base class members is controlled by the access specifier (public, protected, or private).